Likely a cavalry guidon of the Utah era version of the Nauvoo Legion. Flag this item for. The Legion flag of the 1850s had thirteen stars and stripes, symbolic of the United States flag. The LDS Church was incorporated and a militia, based on the Nauvoo Legion, was formed. Dieses Portal bietet mit 152.057 Artikeln einen Einstieg in den Themenbereich Militär in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia. In the last month of his life, June 1844, Joseph Smith declared martial law in Nauvoo in response to various civil disturbances and initially deployed the Nauvoo Legion to defend the city, only to restrain the Legion from any action later. Graphic Violence ; Graphic Sexual Content ; texts. A few light cannons were also attached. Records for the weapons issued to the other companies are missing. He took command of the soldiers and ordered them into formation. In 1839, Joseph Smith relocated his followers from a hostile environment in Missouri to Commerce, Illinois, which he renamed Nauvoo. In the 1849 conflicts with Native Americans in Utah County, such as the attack at Battle Creek, Utah and Battle at Fort Utah, foreshadowed the 1853–1854 Walker War between the Nauvoo Legion and Indians led by Chief Walkara ("Walker"). The Nauvoo Legion never gathered again, and the 1887 Edmunds-Tucker Act permanently disbanded it. Salt Lake City Utah USA Museum of Church History Nauvoo Legion Flag - Territorial Flag & United States Flag Wagon illustration, Happy Pioneer Day text. [2] The Legion was organized into two regiments (called cohorts) of infantry and one regiment of cavalry. They were not disappointed. Nauvoo Legion Cavalry Guidon (Probable).svg 530 × 279; 21 KB. At 3:00pm Legionnaires took their positions on the battlefield. Flag this item for. To their surprise, the afternoon house were filled with the dedication of three more temple cornerstones. In 1844, after a controversy where the On July 4, 1837, "The 26-Star Flag" became the official flag of the United States. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. 4 (Winter 11957): 398. Sutter wrote a letter to the pioneer society in the 1870s where he said that his cannons, except for one Russian 4 pounder, which he donated to a museum in San Francisco, were all Spanish guns. It was the signal eye, symbolic of the all-seeing eye of God that led onlookers to wonder aloud about the direction and purpose of the militia on parade. These "valley counties" initially encompassed only a small portion of the area of Deseret and were expanded as settlement grew. With his permission, two units of the reorganized Nauvoo Legion were gainfully employed by the United States to protect western mail and telegraph lines from Indian attacks in what is today Utah and Wyoming, but saw no action. It may have also been used by the Mormon Battalion in the U.S. Army during the Mexican–American War (1846–1847). None of the colorful banners garnered the surprise element as did the flag carried by the Legion Band. Most participants wore pioneer clothing and walked the one-mile route; others rode in horse-drawn wagons. It, however, was not as cooperative in imposing the colonial regime as federal authorities would have liked. The Nauvoo Legion in Illinois was able to draw on Federal stands of arms. Supposedly, this was to elevate the social status and official standing of some members of the city. The Nauvoo Legion was a state-authorized militia of the city of Nauvoo, Illinois, United States. I could barely keep up and was falling behind. The 1st cohort was under the command of General Wilson Law and the 2nd under the direction of General Charles C. Rich. Media in category "Nauvoo Legion" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. Participants ranged in age … The provenance of the 2 pounder is currently unknown. At the Legion parade, Brigham Young wore the uniform of the late Lieutenant General Joseph Smith. Last Public Address of Lieutenant General Joseph Smith.jpg 624 × 791; 310 KB. The iron Spanish 2 and 6 pound cannons remain in storage in Salt Lake City. They were led by a flag bearer and drummer boy followed by a contingent dressed as the Nauvoo Legion. Hartvigsen thinks it is even possible that the flag may have even been used earlier during the Missouri persecutions. The alleged Nauvoo Legion Flag. Nauvoo newspaper was burned to the ground on Joseph Smith's orders, due to the publication of articles critical of Smith and his church's policies; Joseph Smith was ordered to the Carthage Jail under charges of Treason. The Nauvoo Legion was permanently disbanded in 1887. There Legion officers with their staffs formed an inner square while the infantry and cavalry formed an outer square. An area memorialized by the somber Far West cemetery and LDS Temple. [citation needed] (Antonga Black Hawk was a Ute and has no connection to the Illinois Sauk chief Black Hawk of the 1830s.) An exact description of the Nauvoo Legion flag (1841-1845) is not available. This was the first Nauvoo Legion review and parade. Depleted of its official status, remnants assumed roles such as guardians of the handcart and wagon companies heading west after being reorganized by Hosea Stout on September 22, 1846, as they amassed on the other side of the Mississippi River in the territory of Iowa where the citizens of Nauvoo were safe from attack by mobs and Illinois and Missouri militia, and waited for winter to end so they could migrate (citation needed). These were thought at that time to have come from Sutter's purchase of the Russian Fort Ross and to have been either Russian or French cannons. The one exception was Lieutenant General Smith, who declined to be an active participant in the battle. Utah (/ ˈ juː t ɑː / YOO-tah, / ˈ juː t ɔː / YOO-taw) is a state in the Western United States.It is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south and Nevada to the west. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Mormon Battalion (United States Army) (1846–1847), Mormon Battalion – five companies (534–559), Utah Territorial Military Commander Robert T. Burton, Utah Territorial Governor Stephen S. Harding. This flag was saluted with canon fire and than accompanied the Nauvoo legion as it made its solemn sacred march up mauholland street to the laying ceremony. This flag was saluted with canon fire and than accompanied the Nauvoo legion as it made its solemn sacred march up mauholland street to … On December 16 the governor signed it into law, granting Smith and the city of Nauvoo broad powers. Posted by Julie L. Mellby on July 14, 2012 | 1 Comment. Among those who accepted was Judge Stephen A. Douglas and thousands of other visitors streamed in Nauvoo before sunup on May 7, in wagons, carriages, skiffs, riverboats, and steamers. On July 4, 1837, "The 26-Star Flag" became the official flag of the United States. At this point Daniel H. Wells was the chief military commander of the militia. Although Legionnaires sorely grieved his death, they did not end their parading. [citation needed]. Five 1803 Harpers Ferry rifles were issued to the hunters of company A. Of a company parade held on September 10, 1842, General Smith wrote, “this was the day for the training of the companies of the Nauvoo Legion; and lest I should be observed … I kept very still.”14 Without Joseph Smith reviewing the troops in his splendid military regalia, small parades attracted little attention. Responses to his invitation were encouraging. At its peak, it is said to have numbered 5,000 men, the largest such body in Illinois. This military force was a militia similar to the Illinois State Militia, and it became known as the "Nauvoo Legion". The flag was respectfully received and the occasion hailed by more cannon fire. My marching picked up. Nauvoo Legion Minute Book, 1843–1844. The final use of the Legion was in Utah's Black Hawk War 1865–1872 when over 2,500 troops were dispatched against Indians led by Antonga Black Hawk. The original Nauvoo Legion may have used the flag. Rather than employ the Legion to protect Nauvoo from increased mob violence, Young directed Nauvoo's tens of thousands of citizens to migrate peacefully to the western part of the continent which wasn't yet part of the United States and they founded the territory of Utah. The Indians won is a novel about the relationships of immigrants and native Americans, written by Martin Cruz Smith, who is, as far as I know half Cherokee. And also legion members participated in the rescue of Joseph from the state Militia who had unlawfully arrested him after luring him to what was supposed to be a peaceful political debate and were going to hang him (citation needed). We became the last row of d flags in a hurry. And, faithfully, sustain us, in peace upon her land. April 6, [Tuesday] 1841 – At an early hour the several companies comprising the “Nauvoo Legion,” with two volunteer companies for Iowa Territory, making sixteen companies in all, assembled at their several places of rendezvous, and were conducted in due order to the ground assigned for general review.1. “And if General Bennett’s true feelings toward me are not made manifest to the world in a very short time, then it may be possible that … a short time will determine that point.”11  Believing that Bennett had tried to murder him, General Smith said, “Let John C Bennett answer at the day of judgment, ‘Why did you request me to command one of the cohorts, and also to take my position without my staff, during the sham battle, in the 7th day of May, 1842, where my life might have been the forfeit, and no man have known who did the deed?”’12, Whether Smith’s dark premonitions were correct is debatable. Of that occasion, General Smith penned, “An elaborated dinner was got up in the grove, of which I partook, in company with the officers of the Legion.”8. 12, April 15, 1841. Upwards of eleven thousand visitors stood near the parade grounds waiting for the military events to begin. When we got to the river, their was a flag ceremony and a prayer. Voter-conscious Illinois Democrats and Whigs (including Abraham Lincoln) passed a bipartisan city-state charter for Nauvoo in 1840. Early that morning the sisters presented to Joseph Smith and the Nauvoo Legion a silk flag with 27 stars representing each state in the union at that time. Although the charter authorizing the Nauvoo Legion created an independent militia, it could be used at the disposal of the state governor or the President of the United States as well as for the mayor of Nauvoo. At 8:00am cannon fire announced that Major General John C. Bennett and his staff were being escorted to their posts and taking command of the 650 assembled Legionnaires. The most common musket issued to these militiamen was the Model 1816 Musket. Many of them took time to pan for gold and they were quite successful. In their wake marched military musicians under the apt baton of Captain Edward P. Duzette. People carried flags that represented the countries that they came from. The Legion tended to be very top-heavy, in that there was a disproportionate number of high-ranking officers to regular soldiers. An exact description of the Nauvoo Legion flag (1841-1845) is not available. See Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 50, no. The difference in the gathering was the “spit and polished” look of the armaments they carried. Feeling confident in his military prowess and that of the legionnaires, General Smith invited state and local leaders to attend the May 7, 1842, parade. The 4 pound Spanish bronze is in the Mormon Battalion Visitor Center in San Diego, Calif. Interesting is an alternative, historical scenario: The Indian tribes end their antagonisms and annihilate the US Army, led by President Rutherford Hayes, on 30 May 1876. Only the entrance of the 1st cohort (horse troops) turned their gaze. A small artillery piece, an 1841 12-pound mountain howitzer was issued to the territorial militia. Behind them came missionaries and members carrying flags of many of the nations from which the pioneer residents of Nauvoo had come. The bronze 4 pounder was found to have the crest of King Carlos 3 of Spain. A 6-pound iron cannon, probably the other battalion cannon and a smaller, but similar, 2 pound cannon were in the warehouse. When the Mormon Battalion was enlisted in July, 1846, about 450 Model 1816 muskets were issued to the infantry. Led by Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement and a mayor of Nauvoo, the Legion quickly became a formidable concentration of military power. Also, the Harper's Ferry Model 1803 Rifle was issued in smaller quantities. The soldiers did not carry weapons.18  Parading without arms was a deliberate attempt to put the governor on notice that his order to surrender three cannons and 220 small arms on June 24, 1844, had crippled them in fulfilling their role as a state-sanctioned militia. Albumen silver print of a lithograph. In 1894, the former Utah Territorial Militia was reactivated and officially designated the Utah National Guard. Twenty or so men including Mark were the Nauvoo Legion and marched with guns and ammo sacks (all pretend) at the head of the crowd. [citation needed]. However, on June 27, 1844, the Carthage Greys were vastly outnumbered by the mob surrounding the jail, and did not intervene in the ensuing assassination. Neither the Legion nor any other Mormon troops participated in the main theaters of the war, and the Legion's involvement ended in 1862, after Congress had passed the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act.[5]. Following these flag bearers came other people walking—many families—and some participants riding in horse-drawn buggies and wagons. Nauvoo Legion lined up first- then flag carriers me. In 2001 three Spanish guns were identified in the LDS Church storage facility in Salt Lake City. At 9:30am cannon blasts signaled the arrival of, or as the Times and Seasons reported “gave an appropriate salute” to, Lieutenant General Joseph Smith, commander-in-chief.2  A silk flag – “The 26-Star Flag”3 was presented to General Smith by a delegation of ladies. Soon thereafter, the Nauvoo charter was revoked, and the Nauvoo Legion lost its official sanction as an arm of the Illinois militia.[1]. Distinguished guests stood between the soldiers. History records more parades, drills, and mustering’s held in the weeks following Smith’s death than in the preceding two years. Joseph Smith himself was Nauvoo's second mayor, and the Nauvoo court martial also appointed him as highest-ranking officer of the Legion, a Lieutenant General. Among these was the authority to create a "body of independent militarymen". Rigdon spoke of the significance of laying cornerstones for a House of the Lord. With growing antagonism from surrounding settlements it came to have as its main function the defense of Nauvoo, and surrounding Latter Day Saint areas of settlement. This rank is one step above Major General, which most contemporary militias employed as their commanding rank. Young led the Latter-day Saints to what later became the Territory of Utah. Few Legionnaires at this, their last parade, walked with heads held high and even fewer recalled the boastful days when Hosea Stout’s poem of greatness applied: They’ll find that Illinois firm in her place will stand. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1980), 4:326-27. There are however some reported incidents in diaries of Saints concerning gunfire exchange between legion members and mobs during the Nauvoo era (citation needed). Voter-conscious Illinois Democrats and Whigs (including Abraham Lincoln) passed a bipartisan city-state charter for Nauvoo in 1840. As the band played, flags topped with brass-colored eagles were held aloft. The waving Legion flags,4 the state flag of Illinois, and the famed red, white, and blue of the United States produced the desired effect – patriotic pride. “We doubt whether the like was presented in any other city in the western country,” remarked General Smith.13, Other parades in 1842-1843 echoed the confidence of the May parade. by authority by Nauvoo Legion (Ill.) . Legionnaires made a credible and soldier-like appearance with but on notable flaw. During the American Civil War, federal troops either were withdrawn from Utah, or in many cases left to join the rebellion, Johnston who had led the invading federal army being among the latter group. Nine days later, on June 27, he was murdered in Carthage, Illinois. He recalled crimes perpetrated against Latter-day Saints in Missouri and assured all present that in enduring “those scenes of tribulation, his confidence, his courage and his joy had been increasing instead of diminishing.”  He cautioned exuberant Legionnaires “not to usurp authority, but to obey as they are commanded and directed; to honor, not the world, but Him that is alive and regins.”5, Then, on cue, architects laid a cornerstone of the temple in its proper place. This force was a militia similar to others in Illino… Previously, from May to June 1834 Joseph Smith led an expedition of Latter Day Saints, known as Zion's Camp from Kirtland, Ohio to Clay County, Missouri in an attempt to regain land from which the Saints had been expelled by non-Mormon settlers. It arrived in Salt Lake in 1852. Four Presidents served under its banner - Martin Van Buren (1837-1841), William Henry Harrison (1841), John Tyler (1841-1845), and James Polk (1845-1849). I decide to try I asked God to bless me. Among these was the authority to create a "body of independent militarymen". We were encouraged to wear costumes. This legion was called upon in 1849 to subdue marauding Indians, and its members served in the so-called Walker War of 1853-1854, named after Wakara, a Ute chieftain. Men portraying the Nauvoo Legion fell into line, and behind them flag bearers carried flags from the home countries of those who settled in Nauvoo. Nauvoo Legion Activities Incite Surrounding Militias The parades and other activities of the legion — which included mock battles — attracted visitors from near and far. The main plot is not really worth to be mentioned. 1. “Bringing up the rear were 1840s carriages, covered wagons, and the medical van,” Sister Ritchie said. In 1838 the Missouri militia had contemplated a court-martial against Smith, an action that might have been illegal had it been carried out, as Smith was only a civilian at that time. Unfortunately, such meaning did not sit well with onlookers who wanted just pomp and ceremony, not military prowess. The 2nd Cavalry Regiment, also known as the 2nd Dragoons, is an active Stryker infantry and cavalry regiment of the United States Army.The Second Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army Europe, with its garrison at the Rose Barracks in Vilseck, Germany.It can trace its lineage back to the early part of the 19th century. NAUVOO, Ill. — LDS Church members and friends marched in a procession down the Parley Street "Trail of Hope" on Feb. 4 to commemorate the pioneer exodus from Nauvoo in 1846. Tom Simpson photo . I was worried about walking all that way. After the men were released from service in 1847, they headed for home, many stopping for temporary employment at Sutter's Fort. On September 27, 1844, a visitor to Nauvoo, Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois, was handed the following invitation: “Sir:  The review of the Nauvoo Legion will take place this day (September 28) at twelve p.m., at which time the commander-in-chief, with his staff, is respectfully solicited to accept an escort from the Legion and be present at the review.”17  The surprised governor accepted. It was nicknamed the "Old Sow" and is on display at the Church History Museum in Salt Lake City. To them, the Legion of Nauvoo had become a militia force to be feared. Indeed, the legion became so popular that many non-Mormons joined the ranks. Bishop J. H. Hale, 88-91, as cited in Glen M. Leonard, Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise (Salt Lake City; Deseret Book Company, 2002), 118. [citation needed]. General Smith announced that Sidney Rigdon, a member of the First Presidency of the Church, would speak to the assembled audience. 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